Fort Frederica went into decline and, except for a short time of prosperity during the 1760s and 1770s under the leadership of merchant James Spalding, never fully recovered. When the British regimen disbanded in 1749, most of the townspeople relocated to the mainland. In 1742 Britain's decisive victory over Spain in the Battle of Bloody Marsh, during the War of Jenkins' Ear, ended the Spanish threat to the Georgia coast. In 1736 the congregation of what would become Christ Church was organized within Fort Frederica as a mission of the Church of England. By 1740 Frederica's population was 1,000. A town of the same name grew up around the fort and was of great importance to the new colony. Simons Island to protect Savannah and the Carolinas from the Spanish threat.īetween 17 Fort Frederica was the hub of British military operations along the Georgia frontier. In 1736 he established Fort Frederica, named after the heir to the British throne, Frederick Louis, prince of Wales, on the west side of St. Thirty-one years later General James Edward Oglethorpe founded the English settlement of Savannah. The Georgia coast was considered "debatable land" by England and Spain, even though Spain had fully retreated from St. In 1684 pirate raids left the missions and villages largely abandoned.Įarly as 1670, with Great Britain's establishment of the colony of Carolina and its expansion into Georgia territory, Spanish rule was threatened by the English. Located on the inland side of the island were the pagan refugee villages of San Simón, the island's namesake, and Ocotonico. Simons became home to two Spanish missions: San Buenaventura de Guadalquini, on the southern tip of the island, and Santo Domingo de Asao (or Asajo), on the northern tip.
Catholic missions were the primary means by which Georgia's indigenous Native American chiefdoms were assimilated into the Spanish colonial system along the northern frontier of greater Spanish Florida. Simons, which they called Guadalquini.īeginning in 1568, the Spanish attempted to create missions along the Georgia coast. By 1500 the Guale had established a permanent village of about 200 people on St. Simons as their hunting and fishing grounds. Centuries later, during the period known by historians as the chiefdom era, the Guale Indians established a chiefdom centered on St. Remnants of shell rings left behind by Native Americans from this era survive on many of the barrier islands, including St.
Record of human habitation on the island dates to the Late Archaic Period, about 5,000 to 3,000 years ago. Simons is both a tourist destination and, according to the 2010 U.S. Known for its oak tree canopies and historic landmarks, St. Simons on the east by the Black Banks River.
The resort community of Sea Island is separated from St. Simons Island and the Hampton River, and north of Jekyll Island. The island is located in Glynn County on Georgia's coast and lies east of Brunswick (the seat of Glynn County), south of Little St. Simons is approximately twelve miles long and nearly three miles wide at its widest stretch (roughly the size of Manhattan Island in New York). The second-largest and most developed of Georgia's barrier islands, St.
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